Color and appearance reproduction of ink on paper substrate

Purpose	To study how ink appearance changes depending on formulation and illumination conditions

Modeling of thin ink layer based on particle formulation
The thin ink layer consists of ink particles in a binder. The shape and the distribution of the particles inside the binder can be defined by a user as ink formulations.

(upper) Ink particles in various shapes can coexist in the binder.
(lower) Protrusion of ink particles beyond the binder boundary.
User-definable arbitrary shape for particles in ink
The parametric modeling feature allows a user to give an ink particle an arbitrary shape. The particle parameters can vary depending on the coordinates of the particles inside the binder.
Non-uniform distribution for agglutination of ink particles
In reality, the ink particles are not uniformly dispersed inside the binder because of agglutination. The influence of agglutination on the color can be simulated.
Consideration of wave effects between ink particles
Such a wave effect as diffraction that occurs between the nano-sized ink particles is taken into consideration during the simulation.
Visualization of differences between ink colors on paper
The ink applied to paper can be visualized as a color on the screen and a user can see the differences in color for changed ink formulations.
Reproduction of ink appearance under arbitrary illumination
The reproduction of ink appearance can be made under a user-defined illumination condition. Both lighting and observation directions are controllable.